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Стандарт на Борзой Коментари само свързани със стандарта на борзой.

#1 Потребителят е офлайн   Paskova Икона

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Публикувано: 03 July 2009 - 01:59 PM

Ето пълния стандарт на породата.Оцветения текст са новите промени в стандарта, а оцветения в светло сиво текст са променените неща, т.е. вече невалидни. Стандарта е на Английски, като го преведа ще го пусна и на Български:)


The standard No 193 / 09.06.2000 has changed. Here is the new one. The changed points we have crossed out or marked red. Оцветените в светло сиво полета са задраскани (текста е задраскан)

FCI-Standard No 193 /02.04.2001 /GB

Borzoi Russian Hunting Sighthound

(Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya)

Translation: Mrs. Peggy Davis, revised by R. Triquet.
Origin: Russia
Date of publication of the original valid standard: 13.03.2001
Utilization: Hunting sightound, racing and coursing hound.
Classification F.C.I. Group 10 Sighthounds
Section 1 Long-haired or fringed Sighthounds Without working trial.

Brief historical summary: The Russkaya Psovaya borzaya has been an integral part of the national culture and Russian history for 9 centuries. The French Chronicle of the XIth century shows that three Borzois accompanied the daughter of the Grand Duke of Kiev, Anna Iaroslavna when she arrived in France to become the wife of Henri I. Among the owners and breeders there were many famous people including Tzars and poets: Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, Nicolas II, Pushkin, Turgenev. The creation of the famous kennel Pershinskaya okhota by the illustrious breeders the Grand Duke Nicolai Nicolaevitch and Dimitri Valtsev had great importance. From the end of the XIXth century, the Borzoi is seen in the biggest breeding kennels of Europe and America.

General Appearance: Dog of aristocratic appearance, of large size, of lean and at the same time robust constitution, of a very slightly elongated construction. Females are generally longer than males. Strong bone structure but not massive. The bones are rather flat. Muscles lean, well developed, especially on the thighs, but not showing in relief. Harmony of form and movement is of prime importance.

Important Proportions:

In males the height at the withers is equal or barely superior to that from the summit of the croup to the ground.
In females these two heights are equal.
The height at the withers must be slightly inferior to the length of the body.
The depth of the chest is approximately equal to half the height at the withers.
The length of the muzzle, from the stop to the tip of the nose, is equal or slightly superior to that of the skull, from the occiput to the stop.

Behaviour / Temperament: In its everyday life the Borzoi has a quiet and balanced character. At the sight of game it gets suddenly excited. It has a piercing sight, capable of seeing very far. Its reaction is impetuous.

Head: Lean, long, narrow, aristocratic. Seen in profile, the lines of the skull and muzzle form a long, slightly convex line, the line of the sagittal crest being straight or slightly oblique towards the well marked occipital protuberance. The head is so elegant and lean that the principal veins show through the skin.

Cranial Region:
Skull: Seen from above, narrow, elongated into an oval shape; seen in profile, almost flat.
Stop: Very slightly marked.

Facial Region:
Nose: Large, mobile, considerably prominent in relation to the lower jaw.

Muzzle: Long, filled out in all its length, arched near the nose. The length of the muzzle from the stop to the tip of the nose is equal or slightly superior to that of the skull, from the occiput to the stop.
Lips: Fine, clean, well fitting. The eye-rims, the lips and the nose are black whatever the colour of the coat.
Jaws/Teeth: Teeth white, strong; full dentition; scissor bite or pincer bite.
Eyes: Large, expressive, dark hazel or hazel coloured dark brown, very slightly prominent, almond-shaped, but not slit-eyed, set obliquely.
Ears: Small, supple, mobile, set on above the eye level and backwards, almost towards the nape of the neck, the tips of the ears situated near each other or directed downwards along the neck and close to it. When the dog is alert, the ears are carried higher and on the sides or forward; sometimes one or both ears are erect like horse ears.

Neck: Long, clean, flattened laterally, muscled, slightly arched, carried rather low.

Body:
Withers: Not marked.
Back: Broad, muscled, elastic, forming with the loin and croup a curve which is more pronounced in the males. The highest point of this curve is situated in the region of the 1st or 2nd lumbar vertebra.
Loin: Long, prominent, muscled, moderately broad.
Croup: Long, broad, slightly sloping. The width of the croup measured between the two hip bones (iliac crests) must not be less than 8 cm.
Chest: Of oval cross-section, not narrow, yet not wider than the croup, deep, well developed in length, spacious, reaching down almost to elbow level. The region of the shoulder blades being flatter, the chest gets gradually wider towards the false ribs, which are short; seen in profile, it forms a change in slope. The ribs are long, slightly prominent. The forechest is slightly prominent in relation to the scapular-humeral articulation.
Belly: Well tucked up, the underline rises abruptly towards the abdomen.

Tail: In shape of sickle of sabre, low set, thin, long. Passed between the hindlegs, it must reach up to the hip bone (iliac crest), furnished with abundant feathering. When the dog is standing, the tail hangs downwards. In action, it is raised, but not above the level of the back.

Limbs:
Forequarters: Forelegs clean, muscled, seen from the front perfectly straight and parallel. The height of the forelegs from the elbow to the ground is equal or little superior to half the height at the withers.
Shoulders: Shoulder blades long and oblique.
Upper arm: Moderately oblique; its length is barely superior to the length of the shoulder blade. Angle of the scapular-humeral articulation well pronounced.
Elbows: In parallel plane to the median plane of the body.
Forearm: Clean, long, of oval cross-section; seen from the front, narrow, seen in profile, broad.
Pastern: Slightly oblique in relation to the ground.

Hindquarters: Seen from behind: straight, parallel, set slightly wider than the forequarters. When the dog is standing true, the vertical line dropping from the ischiatic tuberosity (Point of buttocks) must pass in front of the centre of the hock joint and of the metatarsals.
Upper thigh: Well muscled, long, places obliquely.
Lower thigh: Long, muscled, placed obliquely. The femoro-tibial and the tibio-tarsal articulations well developed, broad, clean,; the angles must be well marked.
Metatarsals: Not long, placed almost vertically.
All the articulations are well angulated.

Feet: Lean, narrow, of elongated oval shape (called harefeet); toes arched, tight; nails long, strong, touching the ground.

Gait/Movement: When not hunting, the typical gait of the Borzoi is the extended trot, effortless, very supple and lifting; when hunting the charging gallop is extremely fast, with leaps of great length.

Skin: Supple, elastic.

Coat:
Hair: Silky, soft and supple, wavy or forming short curls. On the head, the ears and the limbs, the hair is satiny (silky but heavier), short, close lying. On the body, the hair is quite long, wavy; on the regions of the shoulder blades and the croup, the hair forms finer curls; on the ribs and thighs, the hair is shorter; the hair which forms the fringes, the breeches and the feathering of the tail is longer.
Colour: All colour combinations, apart from any combination including blue, brown (chacolate) and any derivatives of these colours.


Combination of colours: white and yellow of all shades; white and wolf grey (banded hair, agouti); white and light fawn with black overlay, white and red; white and red fawn with black overlay, white and brindle; white and black
.

All the colours above mentioned may be solid or pied. The fringes, breeches, featherings of the tail are considerably lighter than the background colour. For the overlaid colours a black mask is typical.

Size: Desirable height at the withers: dogs: 75-85 cm.

bitches: 68-78 cm

In males, the height at the withers is equal or barely superior to that from the summit of the croup to the ground. In females, these heights are equal. Animals exceeding the maximum height are acceptable provided the typical morphology is preserved.
Faults: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

General appearance:

Light or massive construction.
Stocky appearance or high on the legs.
Light bone structure.
Insufficiently developed musculature.

Head:

Abrupt stop.
Profile of the head is distinct wedge shape due to exaggerated height of the skull
Forehead broad.
Zygomatic arches developed.
Muzzle short. Bridge of the nose too narrow
Superciliary arches prominent.

Teeth:

Small, decayed; abnormally worn. Lack of one PM2
PM1 and M3 are not taken into account.
Pincer bite in subjects aged more than 6 years old.
Absence of PM1 and PM2 (not more than 3 teeth).


Eyes:

Small, round, light hazel. slit eyes (too narrow palpetral aperture).
Third eyelid too developed.

Ears:

Low set, not set on backwards.

Neck:

Short, carried high.

Body:

Back narrow with a hollow at the level of the anticlinal vertebra (11th thoracic vertebra); too arched.
Loin short, straight, narrow.
Croup narrow, short, steep.
Chest narrow, flat, not deep; sternal line much higher than the level of the elbows.
Belly only slightly tucked up.

Tail:

Set high or too low; carried high; tip of the tall in ring shape, falling sideways; feathering sparsely developed; short tail.

Forequarters:

Scapula-humeral angle too open.
In or out at elbows
Forearm slightly crooked.
Pastern too short, too oblique or too straight.
Feet turning slightly in or out.

Hindquarters:

Over-angulated or too straight angulation.
Close behind or spread hocks.
Feet toeing in.

Feet:

Tendency to be a little too broad, slightly round, fleshy (thick) or flat; spread toes.

Skin:

Insufficiently supple.

Hair:

Dull, tousled; fringes, breeches, feathering of the tail sparse; straight hair; fine curls all over the body.

Colour:

Flecks of the same shade as the background colour; striking tan markings.

Serious Faults:

General apperance:

Soft constitution, coarse constitution.
Short trunk.
Heavy, coarse bone structure.
Round bones.

Head:

Soft tissues.
Blunt muzzle.
Teeth: Lack of one PM3, one PM4 (lawer jaw), one M1 (upper jaw), one M2. Pincer bite in subjects aged less than 6 years.
Eyes: Deep set; yellow.
Ears: Thick, coarse, with rounded tips.

Neck:

Dewlap or loose skin at level of throat; neck of round cross-section.

Body:

Back: Sagging; straight back in males.
Croup: Very narrow, very short, excessively steep (goose rump).
Chest: Hollow in its front part, barrel-ribbed.
Belly: Pendulous.

Tail:

Coarse, in action, falling downwards.

Forequarters:

Important deviations from the points described; knuckling over.
Forearm: Of round cross-section.

Hindquarters:

Important deviations from the points described.
Feet:

Broad, round, cat feet, flat; spread toes.

Skin:

Loose

Coat:

Hair: Stiff, bristly.
Colour: Flecks of shade other than that of the background colour; all lilac shades

Disqualifying Faults:

Eliminating Faults
Behaviour / Temperament:

Aggressive towards people.

Teeth: Overshot or undershot mouth. Any deviation from the scissors bite (overshot or undershot bite); wry jaw, absence lack of one incisor, one canine, one carnassial teeth (PM4 upper jaw - M1 lower jaw), lack of more than 4 teeth (any four teeth). incisors which prevents judging the bite, absence of more than 3 premolars, absence of P4, absence of any molar except M3.

Faulty position of one or both canines of the lower jaw which, when the mouth is shut, can damage the upper gums or the palate.

Lower canines set backwards from their normal position thus possibly touching the upper gums or the palate (mandibula angusta). Eye: Wall eye.
Tail: Corkscrew tail, broken tail (fused vertebrac), docked, even partially.
Presence of dewclaws.
Colour: Brown (chocolate), Blue


NB: Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
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#2 Потребителят е офлайн   Konan03 Икона

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Публикувано: 18 November 2009 - 10:44 PM

Искаме стандарт преведен на БГ
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#3 Потребителят е офлайн   Paskova Икона

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Публикувано: 20 November 2009 - 10:18 AM

Ако ми остане повече свободно време ще го преведа и на БГ.

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#4 Потребителят е офлайн   Paskova Икона

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Публикувано: 25 November 2009 - 08:40 AM

Ето една много интересна статия свързана с Борзой.

RUSSIAN PSOVAYA BORZAYA (the Borzoi).
Anna Shubkina (Translation by Vladimir Beregovoy)

Differences between Euro-American and Russian Borzois



Frequent breeding of Borzois imported from Europe and America in Russia makes it compelling for comparisons of these dogs with Borzois of Russian breeding. to compare the Borzoi of Western breeding in late XX Century. In late XX Century, in the West, the Borzoi became a unique and expensive ornamental dog selected not only for a few other traits then those listed in the breed standard. This is an example of so-called indirect selection slipped out of breeders control. What kind consequences it may have for the Borzoi breed?



List of typical traits of the hunting Borzoi include the ability of explosive excitement, independence, strong reaction of chasing and catching small animals and ability to be in motion for many hours. All of these traits are undesirable in the ornamental dog in the Western world. Borzois with these traits intentionally or unintentionally become less valuable for the breeding. The reason of this is simple: a dog demanding for physical activity, with independent character and an hot explosive temperament cannot be kept in the yard with a standard fencing, especially in a situation like a neighbors cat walking by, for example. Such a dog has a real high chance to get hit by a car.. Naturally, great majority of Borzoi owners in Europe prefer quieter and less active dogs.



An animal with an explosive temperament, which could be naturally resolved in a investigating the surrounding and coursing wild game, is wasting his energy by stretching arms of his owner holding the leash or, worse, his urgent need for activity can find a wrong exit in the attacking his master, a dog show judge or another dog. This is so-called shifted or readdressed reaction. Accordingly, there is a special statement emerged in the Western version of the Borzoi standard telling us that aggressiveness of the Borzoi is a fault. As a result, selection favors quieter dogs.



Besides this, European dog shows require dogs to spend many boring hours in a state of idle waiting. Then, the walks making two to ten small circles, allows the unfamiliar person (the dog show expert) to inspect his body by touching and then quietly wait a few more hours until return back home to his small yard. With this dog show procedure selection of dogs with a phlegmatic temperament and tardiness becomes predominant and it overrules other qualities in the dog.



Hunting on Russian unlimited open spaces did not allow the Borzoi to have too heavy coat and the dogs shed strictly according to change of seasons. Our Borzois, as a rule, shed by the summer, when they have a short light coat and develop a thicker coat by winter reaching maximum by late January-February. Showing dogs in Europe requires a different kind of coat. Since late 60th of the past Century, dogs with luxurious heavy coat were consistently winning and now, majority of the Borzois in the West retain a heavy coat during most of the year. Concentrated foods with necessary vitamins and other supplements stimulating growth of hairs and changing the shedding schedule also helped this.



Weight and size of the Borzois also changed considerably. Weight of majority of Russian Borzois at the age of two-six years with show rating very good excellent and in good hunting condition varies insignificantly from 35 to 39 kg in males and from 28 to 32 kg in females. However, among Western Borzois, weight over 50 kg is not considered as a deviation from norm and such dogs are used for breeding without restrictions and they are most successful at shows. Moreover, many owners of such dogs are proud with size of their pets. Bitches weighing less then 30 kg and males weighing 37 kg as compared with those giants seem stunted and loose at dog shows. Nevertheless, until present, in Russian standard and FCI standard of the Borzoi limits of size range of dogs are not shown and dogs are never disqualified for breeding because of the size.



Therefore, by late XX Century, Borzois of Russian and Euro-American breeding became considerably different in the size, coat, temperament, behavior and some other traits.






Changes in the dog breeding in Russia in late XX Century



During 90th, Russia joints FCI, which created a formal opportunity for exchange with dogs.



Since mid 80th, importation of Borzois into Russia becomes common and imported dogs are used for breeding more often then Borzois of Russian lines.



Existing permission to travel in West Europe resulted in showing some Russian line Borzois outside Russia. However, only a few dogs could be shown, because the cost of travel is beyond reach for majority of Russians. Owners and breeders of Borzois have to choose between a couple of days at the dog show in West Europe or a good hunting season in field. Those, who enjoy hunting, naturally, rather choose the hunting. Finally, observations at International dog shows led to understanding that show dogs type is significantly differing from hunting dogs and, therefore, chances of winning for excellent hunting Russian Borzois at International dog shows are small.



Organizers of Russian dog shows use rules of FCI and invite Borzoi experts from entire world. However, foreign experts use strikingly different principles for choosing the best dogs. Show is show and a beautiful dog with his elegantly dressed owner must take a place ahead of less well groomed and fashionable looking dog. However, I should mention that no one of now working Western experts had a chance to see how Russian Borzoi hunts in field. Therefore, foreign experts do not have a correct idea about the hunting type of the Borzoi. Best of them make their decisions based only on intuition. At the same time, in mind of a Russian dog breeder the idea about the dog show as a part of organized animal breeding is still alive. Russian breeders still think that rating dogs at the show is done for analysis of results of pedigree work. Therefore, Russian participants of European dog shows belong to a certain circle of people, who are not interested in any field testing or maintaining best lines of hunting Borzois surviving from XIX Century.



By 2000, all formal obstacles preventing interbreeding of Borozis of Russian lines with Borzois of West European lines disappeared. Now, Russian dogs are shown here and there and exchange with breeding stock dogs is done regularly, although rather one-sidedly. I should mention that now existing Borzoi population outside Russia, in Europe, North America and Australia, is about a few tens of thousands versus two-four thousands of Borzois of original Russian lines. There is a real danger of total dissolution of Russian breeding Borzois.



In early 2000, in the largest center of selective breeding of the Russian Borzoi, in Moscow Society or Hunters and Fishermen, among 172 registered dogs, there are less then five dogs of pure Russian breeding with four generation pedigrees and not more then a dozen of dogs with three generations pedigrees. In 2000, at the show of the Natioanl Club of RPB (Russian Psowaya Borzaya), there were only ten Borzois of Russian breeding among total number of 110 shown dogs. These facts do not require any further comments.






Prospects of Russian Borzoi in the Third Millenium




I emphasize existence of significant differences between organization and principles of the dog show expertise of the former USSR, which became inherited by modern Russia, and Western Dog Show of FCI. Show expertise of our country is based on zootechnique as a part of animal science and dogs are rated by visual comparisons. Its major principle is comparison in motion, because Russian dog lovers consider dog as a utilitarian animal, which have to work. In Russia, at the show, dogs are arranged in a sequence starting from the highest rated animals. This may seem cruel to the dog owner, because his dog is like his family member, but it is beneficial for the breed.



Unfortunately, entire structure of dog show in Western Europe hampers selection of Borzoi as a hunting breed. First, show rinks are too small and the judgment is done during a very short time. At the small rink, a dog as big as the Borzoi cannot be shown well and selection in the process of long time movement is replaced by selection in the process of standing. Walking is done only over distance of 5-7 meters in a triangle. Selection based on observation of standing dogs as a basic method of expertise is very dubious, because any not too ugly dog can be easily trained to stand looking pretty. Even a dog with sluggish movement can be easily trained to walk the triangle actively enough and without revealing faults of his locomotion. Under such crummy conditions, a dog with free and wide movements and light trotting may have not enough room. Of course, the dog can be trained to walk with short steps and trotting, but this is not a natural movement for the Borzoi. Judging dogs during a prolonged movement allows evaluation its correctness and specificity of the breed. Its lacking deprives the expert of using such an opportunity and forces him (or her) to make judgment based on features of body structure alone. Of course, in case with the Borzoi, general impression and quality of the coat become most important.



Reading descriptions of dogs from pre-Communist Revolution times, one can find very few words, usually two-three words, describing dogs coat. Major attention, four-five long sentences, is given to description of legs, body and type of head and all in connection with dogs field performance.



A Western dog expert without possibility of evaluation of dogs features associated with field performance, being restricted with small dog show rink and need to finish his work within limited time is in a difficult situation. He must choose the best dog without a proper scientific analysis. Naturally, he concentrates on general impression and pay major attention to minute details while the type of dog most suitable for hunting is entirely overlooked.



Finally, until present time, FCI does not use Borzoi standard approved by Russia, which country of the breeds origin. They continue their expertise based on documents created by Western breeders in 1969.






If everything is lost?




We still can save the Russian Psovaya Borzaya, if we admit that the existing system of Borzoi breeding and judging does not help preservation of the original hunting type of the breed. If we believe that the breed deserves life in the future, certain actions should be taken. First, it is important to restore literate methods of dogs rating. Offspring of West European Borzoi lines should not have an advantage at the expense of offspring of hard hunting Russian lines of the Borzoi. In other words, we should return to formerly existing Russian rules. Borzois with fewer then 18 points for origin and particularly originated from dogs without diplomas awarded for field trials for many generations cannot be recognized as champions. We should develop a system giving priority for dogs of Russian breeding and most fit for hunting in field; conduct an inventory of dogs and publish data showing ratio of ancestral blood in dogs. Studies on genetic uniformity of Russian Borzois and well hunting Borzois of West European origin should be done. Borzoi breeders need information on real census and composition of Borzois existing in Russia. We should introduce special awards for breeding of Russian origin Borzois with at least three four generation pedigrees. Of course, it is worthy to restore necessary self-respect and create favorable conditions for those, who run pedigree work with Borzois in our country. It is important to realize that what we breed and what exists in the West is not identical and that our own is not worse at all. With our half-century history of using rules of field trials and several thousands of dogs proven good at hunting, we should realize their value and positive impact on the breed. Selective breeding is not simply breeding of pair of pretty dogs; it is rather creation of a system favorable for preservation of certain types of dogs with real hunting qualities.



Available facts confirm the existence of important differences between West European and Russian lines in the Borzoi. This is why it is important to familiarize Western experts and breeders with real conditions at open field Borzoi hunting. We should invite them to take part and learn at least from field trials. Western Borzoi judges should be provided with an opportunity to participate in field trials organized specifically for them so they could get necessary knowledge and use it as a part of their requirements when judging the breed.



This is linked to another question about acceptance of dogs in working class group of purebred dogs [Russians encourage owners of purebred dogs to use them for different kinds of work. Dogs that passed officially organized trials in a particular field and, if successful, awarded certificate of Working Class, V. B.]. According to rules of FCI, dogs with awards for artificial lure coursing are accepted in Working Class Dogs. Borzois with field diplomas earned by talent and hard work of their owners are never accepted as a working class dogs. At most, they are considered equal to dogs with awards for coursing artificial lure. Even leaders of RKF noticed this, but their timid attempts to defend at least something of their own did not succeed, because of generally negative attitude of Europe to hunting. FCI sees nature protection in the fight against bad hunters and they are not interested in scientifically substantiated facts of selective nature of hunting with sight hounds. Sight hounds catch less fit animals.







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